Judea Pearl, an Israeli-American computer scientist, made groundbreaking contributions to artificial intelligence through his development of Bayesian networks. These networks allow for the representation of probabilistic relationships among variables, which are crucial in decision-making processes under uncertainty. His work laid the foundation for advances in machine learning and AI, influencing fields ranging from medicine to robotics. Pearl’s contributions to AI were recognized in 2011 when he was awarded the Turing Award, often regarded as the ‘Nobel Prize of Computing.’